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Wayzata's Best of Shareware for PC-Windows - Release 1 - Wayzata Technology (1993).iso
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os2.txt
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1992-02-07
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What is OS/2?
OS/2, Operating System 2, is the successor to MS DOS, the operating system
that drives IBM PC's and their clones.
Good News!
OS/2 has three main advantages over DOS.
l. It breaks the 640 kb memory barrier which allows it to run larger and more
useful applications.
2. It takes better advantage of the microprocessor's communication ability
by providing a better networking platform than was available up to now.
Previously, you had to choose between a proprietary operating system or
a 640K RAM limitation.
3. It allows several different applications to run simultaneously on one
machine.
In multi-tasking, a user could begin a complex calculation on Lotus 123 and hide
it in the background, call up Le Systeme OnLine and read E-mail or
upload/download a file and wile away the time palying Flight Simulator or
Chessmaster with all three programs running at the same time.
How does OS/2 manage all these chores?
One of the major developments made by IBM and which makes the OS/2 so
surprisingly agile is the "Microchannel Bus" which comes either in the
16 bit or 32 bit data path versions. Here, it should be emphasized that
OS/2 is not specific to the micro bus, but OS/2 will never have to be
changed or upgraded as more advantage is taken of the bus's seemingly
unlimited capabilities. The micro bus overlaps I/O and multiple out-
standing I/O requests; then, by overlapping these requests, it schedules
multiple seeks. In fact, multiple disk controllers and multiple micro-
processors possibly required by network servers to serve requests in parellel
(parellel processing) might be used with the bus. The microchannel bus also
permits the switchless installation of add-on boards which are activated by
OS/2 at the keyboard level.
The role of the bus
The bus in a computer is the primary roadway along which data and instructions
move from component to component. A distinguishing feature of the 16/32 bit bus
is the capacity to control many system components, for example, high resolution
color display or monochrome displays with grey shares, etc. A single bus with
several processing nodes becomes congested under heavy data traffic. One
solution is to build faster buses. Equally necessary then is operating
system software that can break down computing tasks into parts and allocate
these parts to individual processors. The IBM Microchannel Bus, with its 32 bit
transfers and "multiple masters" with a built-in arbritration scheme which
allows up to 16 divices to share the microprocessor`s processing power at the
same time, makes a formidable statement for multi-tasking. And, OS/2, as we will
see below (see also PC Magazine, Vol.6 No.13 July 21, 1987), is an equally
sophisticated system, truly designed for multi-tasking.
The OS/2 method
OS/2 is designed to run the 80286 or 80386 microprocessor under a true
multi-tasking environment. In this protected mode, OS/2, by implementing
virtual memory, allocates more memory than is physically present in the
machine by swapping memory to the hard disk. At any given time, the system
can use up to 15 megabytes of memory, which allow OS/2 to move code and data
segments in memory and to use the same code segments for multiple instances of
a program. One development which contributes to OS/2 versatility is the
inclusion of the presentation manager.
The presentation manager is a modified version of MS Windows which allows
OS/2 to maintain up to 16 screen groups, all with different programs running
under them. Using the presentation manager menu, which lists all current
screen groups identified by names of the programs running under them as
reference. OS/2 permits switching from one program to another without
exiting and reloading the application (context switching) by switching from
screen group to menu to screen group using the Alt Esc, Alt and the Start a
program options. All this is carried out in the protected mode, safely
and efficiently, with OS/2 taking care of memory management, file locking
and task isolation.
Is it useful to run DOS applications under OS/2?
One of the 16 screen groups is called the "DOS COMPATIBILITY BUS". This is a
screen group in which existing DOS programs run in a real mode, i.e. on the
low 640K of memory. Here, it should be remembered that OS/2 by itself runs
only one existing application at a time. It cannot run existing applications
in the background. So, OS/2 does not provide any advantage if you are
working with current applications. The application first has to be ported
across or created anew for the OS/2 environment.
The bad news ... costly adjustments.
Millions of PC's will not be able to run OS/2 without costly hardware ad-
justments. Owners of classic PC's or XT's must add a 286 or 386 microchip
to their machines along with lots of memory.
In fact, to run the basic version of OS/2 with the commonly used applications,
your computer will need a minimum of 1.5 to 2.0 megabytes of RAM. To run
more advanced versions like OS/2E, that is, OS/2 Extended, which will come
with better built-in communications/data base features, a minimum of 3 to 4
megabytes of RAM will be required. So, about 10 million MS DOS computers
will be effectively blocked from the OS/2 market ... or will they?
Challengers to OS/2.
1. A new version of expanded memory (EMS) that permits MS DOS to operate
beyond 640K. Ems version 4.0, endorsed by Lotus, Intel, Microsoft and
others, and which will come with an Intel aboveboard, will extend the
useful life of MS DOS computers and give them many OS/2-like functions,
including multi-tasking. The price of conversion will be much less than
required to convert to OS/2.
2. The Berkeley version of Unix developed by the University of California
at Berkeley, and Uni System 5, will both support virtual memory, graphics
and high speed data communications. These will be available early
next year.
The immediate future - the impact on computing.
Multi⌐tasking will allow us to run several computational and communications
programs simultaneously. Large screen displays and advanced windows software
will allow us to view, simultaneously, a full page document - including
text and graphics - side by side. With virtual memory, we will gain access to
sophisticated programs and data bases limited only by our computer's
disk capacity or network services. For example, data base program software
that assumes that all the data are resident in the same machine is funda-
mentally different from software that assumes that the software and
processors are distributed in a network system. Screens with resolutions of
1024 X 1024 pixels or more will let us do sophisticated animation to visualize
a variety of concepts. Scanners that digitize drawings and photographs will
allow us to enter and manipulate images as easily as texts on screens the
details of which is as good as today's printed page.
Overall, computer simulation of all types will make modern methods of
investigation and discovery accessible to many more people.
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